What are the 5 epidemiological principles of disease control?
The difference is that epidemiologists tend to use synonyms for the 5 W’s: diagnosis or health event (what), person (who), place (where), time (when), and causes, risk factors, and modes of transmission (why/how).
What are the principles of epidemiology?
Principles of Epidemiology
- Distribution – Epidemiology is concerned with the frequency and pattern of health events in a population.
- Determinants – Epidemiology is also used to search for causes and other factors that influence the occurrence of health-related events.
What are the principles of infectious diseases?
The epidemiological triad model of infectious disease causation. The triad consists of an agent (pathogen), a susceptible host, and an environment (physical, social, behavioral, cultural, political, and economic factors) that brings the agent and host together, causing infection and disease to occur in the host.
What are the principles of disease prevention?
Principles of prevention of spread of communicable diseases. In order to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, the immunisation of persons shall be organised, medical examinations shall be carried out and other measures to ensure safety from infection shall be applied.
What are the five core functions of epidemiology?
In the mid-1980s, five major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice were identified: public health surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluation, and linkages.
What are the two basic principles of infectious diseases?
The steps in the development of an infectious disease are (1) source of the microbe, (2) escape of the microbe from the source, (3) spread of the microbe to a new person, (4) entry of the microbe into the new person, and (5) infection and damage.
What are the two categories of disease?
There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases (including both genetic diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as communicable versus non-communicable diseases.
What are the basic principles of descriptive epidemiology?
In descriptive epidemiology, diseases are classified according to the variables of person, place, and time. Person: Who is affected by this disease? This is relevant, because certain variables may highlight changes in disease status and can be used to focus additional studies and interventions.
Which is an example of indirect transmission of disease?
For each of the following, identify the appropriate letter from the time line in Figure 1.27 representing the natural history of disease. Indirect transmission includes which of the following? Disease control measures are generally directed at which of the following?
Which is an example of a measure of disease burden?
Measures of disease burden typically describe illness and death outcomes as morbidity and mortality, respectively. Morbidity is the measure of illness in a population, and numbers and rates are calculated in a similar fashion as with incidence and prevalence.
When does item C occur in clinical disease?
Item “C” occurs between the stage of subclinical disease and the stage of clinical disease. Item “D” occurs shortly after the stage of clinical disease begins. Item “E” occurs at the end of the stage of clinical disease.
What are the basic principles of infectious disease?
Principles of infectious disease 1 Infectious agents. The concept of an infectious agent was established by Robert Koch in the 19th century (Box 6.1). 2 Normal flora. Every human is host to an estimated 10 13 –10 14 colonising microorganisms, which constitute the normal flora. 3 Host–pathogen interactions. 4 Investigation of infection.
In descriptive epidemiology, diseases are classified according to the variables of person, place, and time. Person: Who is affected by this disease? This is relevant, because certain variables may highlight changes in disease status and can be used to focus additional studies and interventions.
When is an outbreak of a disease a public health issue?
Certainly, an increase in a disease occurrence that is rarely seen or thought to be eradicated would also constitute an outbreak, and even one case of the latter may signal serious public health concerns.
What are the principles of disease elimination and eradication?
Consensus on the priority and justification for the disease must be developed by technical experts, the decision-makers, and the scientific community. Political commitment must be gained at the highest levels, following informed discussion at regional and local levels.